Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

Volume 1, Number 1 (March 2005)

EDITORIAL

Welcome to Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology!

 Challa S. S. R. Kumar

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Reviews

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Elena Bekyarova, Yingchun Ni, Erik B. Malarkey, Vedrana Montana,

Jared L. McWilliams, Robert C. Haddon, and Vladimir Parpura

This review discusses the properties, purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes, and underlines the scope for their utilization in biosensors, assembly of functional structures and devices, scanning probe microscopy, as carriers for the delivery of molecular probes into mammalian cells, and as substrates for neuronal growth.

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A Review of Nanotechnology for the Development of Better Orthopedic Implants

Grace E. Park and Thomas J. Webster

This review covers recent advancements made at the intersection of nanotechnology and orthopedic implants. Nanomaterials studied include ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites thereof. A composite of nanophase titania and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (left) with enhanced bone cell infiltration needed for implant success (right—cell are red) are pictured here. In all material cases, bone cell function is enhanced on nanophase materials.

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Research Articles

Sensing Interactions between Vimentin Antibodies and Antigens for Early Cancer Detection

C. Milburn, J. Zhou, O. Bravo, C. Kumar, and W. O. Soboyejo

This paper examines the use of polysilicon microcantilevers in the bioassay of Vimentin antigens that are present in human-osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. The developed method has potential application in early cancer detection that is extremely critical to improve cancer treatment.

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Nanoscale Modification of Supported Lipid Membranes: Synergetic 

Effect of Phospholipase D and Viral Fusion Peptides

Karim El Kirat, Laurence Lins, Robert Brasseur, and Yves F. Dufręne

Nanomodification of a DOPC/DPPC bilayer (left; 10 µm × 10 µm AFM image) with an AFM tip functionalized with phospholipase D dramatically enhances subsequent interaction with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) fusion peptide: at short incubation time, the SIV peptide induces a thickness reduction of the DPPC domains, while at longer incubation time depressed domains transforms into elevated striated domains (right image).

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Extra-/Intracellular Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles 

by an Alkalotolerant Fungus, Trichothecium sp.

Absar Ahmad, Satyajyoti Senapati, M. Islam Khan, Rajiv Kumar, and Murali Sastry

The biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles of variable shape using the fungus Trichothecium sp. is described: reacting aqueous gold ions with the fungus under stationery (A)/shaking (B) conditions results in extracellular/intracellular gold nanoparticles.

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Surface Engineering of Nano-Fibrous Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Scaffolds via

Self-Assembly Technique for Bone Tissue Engineering

Xiaohua Liu, Laura Smith, Guobao Wei, Youngjun Won, and Peter X. Ma

Nano-fibrous PLLA materials have been developed to mimic collagen in morphology. Gelatin was immobilized onto the pore surface of macro-porous and nano-fibrous PLLA scaffolds via a layer-by-layer technique to impart the chemical composition of collagen (left: XPS spectra). The surface modification significantly enhanced osteoblast adhesion and proliferation in the scaffolds (right: histology).

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Galactosylated Polymeric Nanoparticles: Synthesis and

Adhesion Interactions with Escherichia coli

Liangwei Qu, Lingrong Gu, Huaping Li, Shelby Taylor, Tara Elkin, Pengju G. Luo, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng,

Xiuping Jiang, Robert A. Latour, Fred Stutzenberger, Alicia Williams, and Ya-Ping Sun

Polymeric nanoparticles of a polystyrene core and polyethylene glycol corona were prepared via dispersion copolymerization of styrene with a specifically synthesized macromonomer. The particle surface tethers were terminated covalently with derivatized galactose moieties. Bioactivities of the nanoparticles were evaluated and demonstrated by their significant adhesion interactions with several Escherichia coli strains.

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Anodized Ti and Ti6Al4wV Possessing Nanometer Surface

Features Enhances Osteoblast Adhesion

Chang Yao, Venu Perla, Janice L. McKenzie, Elliot B. Slamovich, and Thomas J. Webster

SEM images of the surfaces of Ti6Al4V before anodization (A) and after anodization (B). Bar = 1 µm (30,000X). Results of this study showed that osteoblast adhesion is enhanced on anodized Ti6Al4V and Ti.

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 Sustained Proangiogenic Activity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Following Encapsulation in Nanoparticles

Jasmine Davda and Vinod Labhasetwar

Vascular endothelial growth factor encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles (pictured on left) demonstrated greater and more sustained effect than the protein used as a solution on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and morphogenesis (pictured on right), the key elements of angiogenesis.

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 Increased Osteoblast Functions on (poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid)

with Highly Dispersed Nanophase Titania

Huinan Liu, Elliott B. Slamovich, and Thomas J. Webster

 

SEM images of nanophase titania/PLGA composites not sonicated (A) and sonicated at 166.25 W for 10 minutes (B). Bar = 1 µm. Results of this study showed that osteoblast functions are enhanced on nanophase titania well dispersed in PLGA composites.

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Vibrational Modes of Nano-Template Viruses

Alexander A. Balandin and Vladimir A. Fonoberov

The rod-shaped viruses such as TMV and M13 bacteriophage have been recently proposed as nano-templates for chemical self-assembly of nanoelectronic circuits. In this paper we report results of our investigation of the low-frequency vibrations in such viruses immersed in air and water. We analyze the damping of vibrations in water and discuss application of the micro-Raman spectroscopy for in-situ monitoring of the virus-based self-assembly of nanoelectronic circuits.

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Design Variations for An Aptamer-Based DNA Nanodevice

Stefan Beyer, Wendy U. Dittmer, and Friedrich C. Simmel

 

Aptamers are promising components of DNA nanodevices. In this article, a variety of switchable DNA aptamers are investigated which can bind or release the protein thrombin upon instruction. The device performance is strongly influenced by sequence extensions and dye labeling. A doubly labeled aptamer device is operated as a switchable molecular beacon which recognizes thrombin. Extensions on the 3′ end destroy the binding capabilities of the devices.

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Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Integrin αv β3 Using a Generic Optical Bionanosensor

Oliver Worsfold, Chikaho Toma, and Takako Nishiya

Biosensing Mechanism—In the presence of the target cell, the RGD ligands incorporated into the fluid bilayer membrane surface aggregate together. This causes a change in the fluorescence spectra due to FRET.

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Formation of Chitin Nanofibers by Supercritical Antisolvent

José F. Louvier-Hernández, Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas, Ranjit Thakur, and Ram B.Gupta

Chitin is dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol solvent. This solution is then sprayed into supercritical carbon dioxide, which rapidly removes the solvent causing chitin to precipitate as nano-fibers.

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