|  |         
   |     | JOURNAL
        OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING AND BIOREFINERY
 ISSN:
        2168-5134 (Print); EISSN: 2168-5142 (Online)
 Copyright
        © 2000-
        American Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved.
 
 
 
          
            | Instructions for
            Authors |  
            | Journal
            of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery is a peer-reviewed
            multidisciplinary journal consolidates research activities in the
            fields of biotechnology, bioprocess engineering and biorefinery. The
            journal publishes original (i) full research articles, (ii) rapid
            communications of important new scientific and technological
            findings, (iii) timely state-of-the-art reviews with author's photo
            and short biography. Journal of Bioprocess Engineering and
            Biorefinery includes the following broadly defined research areas
            within the journal's scope, but not limited to: |  
            | 
              Bioprocess engineering principles: bioseparation, cell
                culture, continuous culture, control; Fermentation, genetic manipulation, kinetics, reactor
                analysis, stability and sustainability; Biotransformation and chemical transformation of sustainable
                bioresources;Biological waste treatment, waste biomass to chemicals,
                materials and energy;Biotechnology, molecular and cellular bioengineering,
                biosystems, biocontrol science; Bioprocess optimization and applications in industry;Stem cell cultivation;Food and bioproducts processing, fermentation, molecular
                enzymology; Biochemical pharmacology, medicine, microbial products; Biocatalysts, metabolic engineering; Bioresource engineering, renewable agriculture biomass
                feedstock utilization; Biopolymers, fibers, biomaterials; Biorefinery processes; Conversions to bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals; and
              Environmental impact, regulatory policies |  
            | Authors will
            receive the following benefits: 
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            | 
              Electronic submission of articlesFast reviews and publication No page chargesFree color where justifiedDistinguished editorial boardAvailability in print and online editionsWide readership: open online access |  
            |  |  
            | JOURNAL POLICY: It is Journal
            of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery policy to publish only
            100% original and unpublished research work, therefore, the Journal
            of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery does not wish to
            receive any papers on research work that has already been reported
            in parts or contains already published text, data, figures, tables
            or other illustrations or any copyright materials whatsoever that
            has been submitted or accepted for publication either in a journal
            or conference proceedings elsewhere in any form, in print or in
            electronic media. When submitting a manuscript, authors should make
            a full statement to the Editors that the research work contained in
            their manuscript is completely original and unpublished. If
            redundant or duplicate publication is attempted or occurs authors
            should expect immediate editorial action to be taken including
            prompt rejection of the submitted manuscript. Submission of any
            manuscript that contains redundant or duplicate publication of the
            same or very similar research work violates the policies of this
            journal. 
 It is the sole responsibility of all authors to
            ensure that all manuscripts are new, original and not published
            previously in any form any media, shall not infringe upon or violate
            any kind of copyrights of others and does not contains any
            plagiarized, fraudulent and improperly attributed materials.
            Extended and modified versions of previously published abstracts,
            papers in any conference or journal are not allowed whatsoever.
 
 Corresponding
            author should provide a clear statement confirming this while
            submitting manuscript to any ASP journal. Is this manuscript 100%
            original and unpublished? Has this manuscript been published in
            parts (figures/text/tables) in any conference proceedings or journal
            in any media or language or format whatsoever? Is this manuscript
            from free from plagiarism (including self-plagiarism) and copyright
            infringement?
 
 Authors must follow this "Journal
            Policy" strictly.
 
 PUBLISHING ETHICS:
        American Scientific Publishers strictly follows guidelines set by the  Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Code of Conduct  and Best Practice Guidelines  for Journal Editors, available at www.publicationethics.org. All Authors, Peer-Reviewers and Editors work together in a great harmony to ensure the highest ethical standards in publishing quality research work in our journals.
 
 ETHICAL COMPLIANCE: Research
            papers reporting animal or clinical studies should, where
            appropriate, contain a statement that they have been carried out
            with animal or human ethics committee approval. All scientific
            studies should be carried out in accordance with the relevant
            national and local guidelines. Each author(s) warrants that his or
            her research institution has fully approved the protocol for all
            scientific studies involving animals or humans and that all
            experiments of any kinds were conducted in compliance with ethical
            and humane principles of research after ethics committee approval.
 
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            |  |  
            | SUBMISSION OF
            MANUSCRIPT: Authors are kindly advised to read Journal of
            Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery policy and also the uniform
            requirements for manuscripts submission. Authors are encouraged to
            submit high quality original research work that has not been
            published or nor under consideration by other journals or conference
            proceedings elsewhere. Authors should submit manuscript online as a
            single file
            (title/affiliations/abstract/keywords/text/references/figures/tables/captions)
            to the Manuscript
              Tracking System. Authors are highly encouraged to
            submit manuscript electronically to save time for the reviewing
            process. 
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            |  |  
            | Authors should submit a
            list of FIVE (5) potential referees accompanied with their
            complete mailing address, telephone, fax and email address, who may
            be contacted for reviewing the manuscript though refereeing, is done
            by anonymous reviewers selected by the Editor-in-Chief. 
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            |  |  
            | COVER ART:  Authors are
            encouraged to submit high quality color figure/illustration to have
            their published paper featured. 
 MANUSCRIPT PROCESSING
            FEES: Authors should understand that there are many occurring
            publishing expenses per journal page associated with manuscript
            processing, editorial, production, typesetting, printing, paper,
            binding, shipping, web-hosting, and archiving. However authors pay
            no publication fees as well as the costs of any color
            figure/illustration in a print edition to American Scientific
            Publishers whatsoever, therefore, publisher is doing all services to
            authors free of costs and/or at fractional costs, hence, publisher
            is not obligated to provide any hard/softcopies of journal issue
            and/or research article to anyone whatsoever. Authors may download
            pdf file of their published papers from Ingenta after paying
            fractional costs. If authors require a hardcopy of the journal issue
            having their research articles then authors may also purchase
            hardcopies of the journal issue or subscribe to the journal by
            contacting the publisher. No free hard/softcopies of journal issue
            and/or research article are provided. On the other hand, if authors
            want to support the journal by paying full manuscript processing
            fees plus all costs of color figures/illustrations/photos in a print
            edition through their research grants or affiliated institutions,
            then publisher will provide hardcopy of journal issue or pdf file of
            his/her research article after receiving a full payment. American
            Scientific Publishers highly appreciate for author's kind
            understanding and support.
 
 LETTERS: Highest
            priority will be given to the communications reporting important new
            scientific and technological findings. Rapid publication is provided
            for concise and up-to-date reports. These articles should not exceed
            three-four published pages. No section headings should be used for
            these short communications.
 
 RESEARCH ARTICLES: Full
            length papers that report original research work on new ideas in any
            fields of science, engineering and medicine.
 
 REVIEWS:
            The state-of-the-art review articles with author's short
            biography and photo are published. Reviews are limited to a maximum
            length of 15 journal pages having more than 100 references. It is
            authors' responsibility to obtain written copyright permissions to
            reproduce any copyright materials from other sources. Authors are
            advised to cite proper references in figure/tables captions of all
            previously published figures/tables/illustrations including their
            own published work and obtain copyright permissions from appropriate
            publishers and authors.
 
 
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            | TYPING: All manuscripts
            must be in English, typed double-spaced on one side of the page
            throughout (including footnotes, references, tables, legends) on 8.5"
            x 11" or A4 white paper leaving at least 1 inch left hand
            margin. |  
            |  |  
            | INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL: The
            first page of the manuscript should have a concise title limited to
            about 15 words and the names of all authors, complete mailing
            address for correspondence, telephone, fax numbers and email
            address. Please indicate with an asterisk (*) the author to whom
            correspondence regarding the manuscript should be directed. |  
            |  |  
            | ABSTRACT: All
            manuscripts must contain an informative 150 to 300 words abstract
            explaining the essential contents of the work, key ideas and
            results. |  
            |  |  
            | FIGURES: It is very
            important to supply high quality figures in a form suitable for
            reproduction. All figures, tables, illustrations, photographs should
            be prepared in such a way that they could be printed in a single
            column size with a width of 3 1/4 inches or 8.25 cm. Use 14
            ARIAL BOLD font for legends and 11 ARIAL font for
            numbering/wordings in figures, use the same font for all figures.
            Only if absolutely necessary should figures/tables/photos occupy
            double columns. Each figure must be referred to in the text and will
            be printed in black and white unless otherwise instructed by the
            authors. Each Figure should be submitted on a separate sheet and
            marked with the name of the author, title of manuscript and figure
            number. All formulae and figures should be carefully drafted and
            never drawn freehand. High quality original figures and glossy
            prints of all photographs are required. Photocopies of the figures
            and photographs are not acceptable. 
 FREE COLOR
            PRINTING: Color illustrations are most welcome by the journal as
            they are effective in conveying complex graphs and photographs. Free
            color printing at the publisher's discretion, will provide an
            opportunity to publish color figures/illustrations in print at NO
            COST to the authors.
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS: Half-tone
            illustrations should be supplied as clear, glossy, unmounted prints.
            The author's name, title of manuscript and figure number should be
            written on the back.
 
 TABLES: Each table must be
            referred to in the text. Each table should be typed double-spaced on
            a separate sheet and identified sequentially by Arabic numerals
            corresponding to the order in which they appear in the text. Each
            table should have a brief explanatory title, which should be labeled
            unambiguously. The position of each table should be clearly marked
            in the text.
 
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            |  |  
            | UNITS: Internationally
            accepted units of measurement must be used. The units of measurement
            are used in conjunction with their numerical values; the units
            should be abbreviated as suggested below. If more commonly used
            units are adopted, conversion factors should be given at their first
            occurrence. Greek symbols may be used. 
 %, ºC, nm, µm
            (not um), mm, cm, cm3, m, h (not hr), min, s (or sec), µg, mg,
            g (not gm), kg, cal, kcal, in. (or write out inch), ml [write out
            liter(s)].
 
 The APS style guide can be used as a general
            reference on matter of units, grammar and formatting.
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            |  |  
            | ABBREVIATIONS: No
            abbreviations are allowed in the title and abstract and should be
            defined the first time they are used within the text. The "Journal
            of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery" should be
            abbreviated as J. Bioprocess Eng.
            Biorefinery. for the reference citation purpose. 
 FORMATS
            FOR ONLINE SUBMISSION: Authors are advised to convert all
            text/figures/tables from Microsoft Word, Excel, or PowerPont formats
            to a single PDF file and submit the manuscript as a single file
            in a PDF format. All submitted figure images must have resolutions
            of at least 300 dpi.
 
 Authors are advised to use these
            formatting guidelines. Manuscripts that do not follow the
            preparation guidelines may be returned to the authors.
 
 REFERENCES:
            References should be in the proper format on a separate page,
            sequences in an alphabetical order. Do not use abstracts and
            websites as references. References to papers accepted but not
            yet published should be designated as "in press".
            Information from manuscripts submitted but not accepted should be
            cited in the text as "unpublished observations" with
            written permission from the source. Avoid citing a "personal
            communication" unless it provides essential information not
            available from a public source. For scientific articles, authors
            should obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from
            the source of a personal communication. References should be listed
            in the following Harvard style using names and year where authors
            and year are in parenthesis such as (Koziara et al., 2006)
            and then arranged in an alphabetical order in the reference list.
            Research article titles should be given in full, followed by the
            journal abbreviated title. For abbreviations of journal titles to be
            used in the reference list, please use Chemical Abstracts
            Service Source Index.
 
 |  
            |  |  
            | 1. Journal Article Koziara JM, Lockman PR, Allen DD, and Mumper RJ (2006),
            The Blood-Brain Barrier and Brain Drug Delivery, J. Nanosci.
            Nanotechnol. 6:2712- 2735.
 
 2. Book
 Nalwa HS
            (2005) Ed., Handbook of Nanostructured Biomaterials and Their
            Applications in Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 1-2, American Scientific
            Publishers, Los Angeles.
 
 3. Chapter in a Book
 Schalkhammer
            T (2004), Bionanodevices, in Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and
            Nanotechnology, Edited by Nalwa HS, Vol. 1, pp.329-360. American
            Scientific Publishers, Los Angeles.
 
 4. Conference
            Proceedings
 Kimura J and Shibasaki H (1995),
            Editors, Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology,
            Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical
            Neurophysiology; Kyoto, Japan.
 
 5. Conference Paper
 Bengtsson S, Solheim BG (1992), Enforcement of data
            protection, privacy and security in medical informatics, In: Lun
            KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, Editors. MEDINFO 92.
            Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics;
            September 6-10, 1992; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland;
            pp.1561-1565.
 
 6. Scientific Report
 Field MJ,
            Tranquada RE, Feasley JC (1995), Editors. Health
            services research: work force and educational issues,
            Washington: National Academy Press; Contract No.: AHCPR282942008.
            Sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
 
 7.
            Dissertation
 Kaplan SJ (1995), Post-hospital
            home health care: the elderly's access and utilization [dissertation],
            St. Louis (MO): Washington University, USA.
 
 8. Patent
 Larsen CE, Trip R, Johnson CR (1995), Inventors;
            Novoste Corporation, assignee; Methods for procedures related to
            the electrophysiology of the heart. US Patent: 5,529,067.
 
 Do
            not use the phrases "et al." and "ibid." in the
            reference section. Instead, the names of all authors in a reference
            must be listed.
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            |  |  
            |  |  
            | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: These
            should be brief and placed at the end of the text before the
            references. |  
            |  |  
            | PROOFS: Page proofs for the
            correction of printer's errors only will be dispatched to the
            corresponding author denoted with an asterik (*) unless otherwise
            requested. Alterations at this stage are not allowed as they are
            expensive and may have to be charged to the authors. The proofread
            copy and reprint order form must be returned within 72 hours. |  
            |  |  
            | OFFPRINTS: Authors may
            order offprints of articles with a minimum of 100 from American
            Scientific Publishers (ASP) prior to publication. An order form
            accompanying the page proofs will be sent directly to the
            corresponding author (*). Please return your offprint order form
            with the page proofs. 
 ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION: Upon
            acceptance of the manuscript for publication, authors should submit
            to the publisher a single file in MS WORD format
            (title/affiliations/abstract/keywords/text/references/figures/tables/captions)
            containing the final version of the manuscript with a signed
            Copyright Transfer Agreement. The preferred medium is Windows/MS-DOS
            or Macintosh having MS Word file or TeX. We are also able to accept
            line artwork/graphics if you supply us the source files to enables
            us to modify the artwork as required for the journal format.
 
 REFEREEING:
            If you are interested in reviewing the manuscripts for the
            Journal of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery, please send 20-30
            keywords in the field of your research expertise, your short
            biography and your complete mailing address, phone, fax and email
            address to the Editor.
 
 Reviewer's report can be submitted
            by e-mail to the editor. To speed up the reviewing process, editors
            will communicate with authors and the referees via email. ASP or
            Editors will not return manuscripts to authors and keep any records
            whatsoever after a formal decision has been made about the
            manuscript. Editors have the right to reject the manuscript.
 
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            |  |  
            | WARRANTIES AND COPYRIGHTS: By
            submitting the manuscript, the authors warrant that the entire work
            is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal
            and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included
            in the research article are completely original and unpublished, and
            these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in
            any form or media whatsoever. All authors are responsible for the
            complete contents of their manuscript. The author(s) warrant that
            the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions
            and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, do not infringe on any
            copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights
            of any kind of others, and does not contains any plagiarized,
            fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions,
            procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage,
            injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property. Each
            author(s) agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless American
            Scientific Publishers and the Editors for any breach of such
            warranties. It is authors' responsibility to obtain written
            copyright permissions from other sources (publishers) for
            reproduction of any figures, tables, photos, illustrations, text or
            other copyright materials from previously published work. It is the
            policy of American Scientific Publishers to own the copyright of all
            contributions it publishes. To comply with the U.S. Copyright Law, a
            Copyright Transfer Form that transfer copyright of the article to
            the publisher must be completed by the authors prior to publication
            of an accepted article in this journal. Authors must submit a signed
            copy of the Copyright Transfer Agreement with their manuscript. 
 ETHICAL
            ISSUES: Authors cannot submit a manuscript for publication to
            other journals simultaneously. It is waste of valuable resources
            because editors and referees spent a great deal of time processing
            submitted manuscripts. It is also unethical to republish similar
            research articles (text/figures/tables) again because journals have
            limited page space and it most likely violates copyrights which have
            already been transferred to the first journal. Therefore, all
            journals require a signed author's copyright transfer agreement
            stating the originality of the research work submitted through a
            manuscript. As stated above that authors should submit original, new
            and unpublished research work to the journal. The ethical issues
            such as plagiarism, fraudulent and duplicate publication, violation
            of copyrights, authorship and conflict of interest are serious
            issues concerning ethical integrity when submitting a manuscript to
            a journal for publication.
 
 WITHDRAWAL OF MANUSCRIPTS:
            If the author requests withdrawal of manuscript after submission
            within the time span when the manuscript is still in the
            peer-reviewing process with Editors/Referees, author is allowed to
            withdraw the manuscript without paying any withdrawal penalty
            whatsoever. However, it is unethical to withdraw a submitted
            manuscript from one journal if accepted by another journal. The
            withdrawal of manuscripts from the journals after submitting to the
            publisher will incur a withdrawal penalty from American Scientific
            Publishers. After the manuscript is accepted for publication either
            through journal editors or guest editors or conference organizers,
            the withdrawal is not permitted by American Scientific Publishers.
            If the authors or conference organizers or a third party withdraw
            manuscripts any time after final manuscripts have already been 
            submitted to American Scientific Publishers for processing, the
            request is not entertained without a significant withdrawal penalty.
            Authors or conference organizers or a third party are not allowed to
            withdraw submitted manuscripts because the withdrawal wastes
            valuable manuscript processing time, money and works invested by the
            publisher. The authors or conference organizers or a third party
            must always pay $200 per page manuscript processing charges as
            withdrawal penalty to the publisher even if the withdrawal is
            permitted. The withdrawal of the conference papers by conference
            organizers will never be permitted and the conference organizers
            will be punished for withdrawal by paying a withdrawal penalty of
            US$500 per manuscript. Withdrawal of manuscripts is only allowed
            after withdrawal penalty has been fully paid to the American
            Scientific Publishers by the authors or conference organizers or a
            third party. Any reason whatsoever of withdrawal of submitted
            manuscripts is treated as invalid and completely unacceptable under
            any circumstances. Publisher is not responsible for any damages
            whatsoever resulting from this consequence of the author's or
            conference organizer's or a third party decision. All questions or
            differences whatsoever concerning manuscripts withdrawal from
            American Scientific Publishers whether as to construction or
            otherwise, shall be held in the County of Los Angeles, California,
            United States of America.
 
 ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING:
            American Scientific Publishers has no control whatsoever over
            abstracting and indexing of their scientific journals in any types
            of databases (SCIE, Scopus, Compendex, PubMed, CPCI, etc.),
            therefore, the publisher does not guarantee and take any
            responsibilities whatsoever for any kind of abstracting and indexing
            coverage of the published work in any types of databases whatsoever.
 
 UNAUTHORIZED CONFERENCES: American Scientific
            Publishers would like to caution potential authors that there are
            fraudulent activities going on in some countries where Conference
            Organizers are cheating fellow colleagues by falsely promising the
            publication of their research papers in SCIE/EI journals. It is very
            unfortunate to mention that some conference organizers are using the
            ASP logo and the journal titles/covers from ASP's websites without 
            any authorization, which is completely illegal. Be aware that such
            conference organizers also disconnect emails and phones after
            receiving full payment for registration and publication charges from
            potential authors. Kindly be vigilant of such illegal activity.
            American Scientific Publishers is not responsible for such
            fraudulent activities and for any kind of damages brought on by the
            author's decisions. Author(s) hereby undertake to indemnify and hold
            harmless American Scientific Publishers and the Editors for any and
            all damages/claims/liabilities incurred from any and all actions by
            the conference organizers or any third party.
 
 WARRANTIES
            FOR CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS: The Conference Organizer(s)
            submitting manuscripts to American Scientific Publishers warrant and
            represent that any material prepared by the Author(s) for the
            Journal shall be 100% new, original and unpublished in any form,
            shall not infringe upon or violate any copyright, trademark,
            obligation of confidentiality or other right or the privacy of
            others, or contain any libelous or unlawful statements or material
            or instructions that may cause harm or injury to a person or
            property; and that he/she will not include in the Journal any
            Article that the Editor believes or has any reason to believe may
            infringe or violate such rights or contain such material or matter
            or instructions that may cause harm or injury.
 
 The
            Conference Organizer(s) submitting manuscripts to American
            Scientific Publishers represent and warrant that they have full
            power and authority to enter into this agreement. The Conference
            Organizer(s) agree to indemnify and hold the Publisher and any of
            its representatives harmless from any and all claims, demands, for
            any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive damages
            of any kind whatsoever, including, but not limited to all
            liabilities, lost opportunities, costs, charges and expenses
            (including counsel fees) that the Publisher incurs or sustains
            arising out of any breach by the Conference Organizer(s) of the
            foregoing warranties and representations. The Conference
            Organizer(s) hereby agrees to indemnify and defend American
            Scientific Publishers from claims, costs, charges, damages, fees,
            expenses or liabilities of any kind whatsoever brought or preferred
            by any third party against Publisher.
 
 The relationship
            between the parties is that of independent contractors and does not
            constitute a partnership and the Conference Organizer(s) shall have
            no authority to bind American Scientific Publishers in any way. All
            questions or differences whatsoever which may at any time hereafter
            arise between the parties hereto concerning this Agreement or the
            subject matter thereof and whether as to construction or otherwise, 
            shall be held in the County of Los Angeles, California. These terms
            and conditions shall be construed and interpreted under the laws of
            the State of California.
 
 
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            © 2000-
            American Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved.
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